Definition
What is angioedema?
Angioedema is swelling under the skin caused by an allergic reaction. This condition is similar to hives except that they occur on the surface of the skin and can cause itching. During an allergic reaction, your body reacts to the allergen (a foreign substance that causes the body to react) by releasing histamine into the bloodstream. Angioedema can affect the lips and the area around the eyes. In severe cases, angioedema can cause swelling of the tongue and throat that can cause difficulty breathing. This condition can be life-threatening and requires medical attention.
How common is angioedema?
Angioedema is a common condition. About 15% to 20% of all people will experience hives or angioedema at least once in their life. This condition can occur in both men and women at any age. Please discuss with your doctor for more information.
Signs & Symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms of angioedema?
The main symptom that appears is swelling of the deep layers under the skin. Sometimes it can be red, warm, tender and painful. Swelling in one place usually only occurs in a day or two, but the swelling will move from place to place and last for several days and can become chronic. Chronic angioedema, although uncomfortable and bothersome, does not usually become a more serious disease.
Angioedema can occur anywhere on the body but is more common in the eyelids, lips, tongue and throat. If it occurs outside the body it is usually harmless. It can also occur in the body, in the intestines and lungs (respiratory tract), where this condition can potentially cause difficulty breathing, and can be serious or even fatal.
There may be signs and symptoms not listed above. If you have concerns about a particular symptom, consult your doctor.
When should I see a doctor?
Mild symptoms that appear may not require treatment. Meanwhile, severe symptoms may need to be treated. Call your doctor if your symptoms last for several days or if you have trouble breathing and your symptoms get worse.
Reasons
What causes angioedema?
The usual causes are allergic reactions to taking a new drug, eating a new food, and wearing a new perfume. However, foods or medications that were used in the past without a problem can also cause allergic reactions in the future. Angioedema cannot be removed and is not an infection, although infection can also cause this condition. Certain types occur because of heredity.
Risk factors
What increases my risk for angioedema?
There are many risk factors for angioedema, including:
- Allergy to food or other chemicals
- Autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and leukemia and lymphoma
- Family history of angioedema
Treatment
The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor.
What are my treatment options for angioedema?
Treatment is usually done to treat moderate to severe symptoms. Mild symptoms may not require treatment. If the cause is known, it needs to be treated immediately. Treatment for symptoms that appear include:
Cold compress treatment can provide comfort. Lotions and creams usually don't help because they don't absorb deeply enough when they're applied to the skin
Antihistamines function to reduce histamine in the blood. If the allergen is no longer present, the angioedema will resolve. If the allergen is still present, antihistamines can be taken regularly to treat the angioedema. Antihistamines can have side effects (drowsiness or dry mouth) but some antihistamines can have fewer side effects than others
Steroids are the more potent drugs (prednisone or other steroids). The drug is used to boost the immune system. They may be needed in more severe cases if antihistamines alone do not treat the angioedema
What are the usual tests for angioedema?
The doctor will likely check for swollen skin and a tendency for the swelling to come back before giving a proper diagnosis. Blood tests can be done but usually will not affect the type of treatment given. Your doctor may also review your family history of angioedema.
Home Remedies
What are some lifestyle changes or home remedies that can be used to treat angioedema?
Here are lifestyle and home remedies that can help you deal with angioedema:
- Use a cold compress on the swollen and warm area
- Take your medication as directed by your doctor and pharmacist
- Keep a journal for any allergens that may be causing the angioedema, such as foods, medications, soaps, perfumes or new clothes. This will make it easier for you to avoid these items
- Ask your doctor about your medication
- Call the doctor if there is no change in angioedema within 2 or 3 days after antihistamine therapy
If you have any questions, consult a doctor for the best solution for your problem.
Video Credit: Lecturio Medical