DEFINITION
Drug Withdrawal is a reaction of the body when a person suddenly stops using drugs or alcohol. This syndrome can occur if the person has been using drugs or alcohol on a regular basis. Depending on the type of drug and the amount consumed, withdrawal can be a life-threatening condition. The faster it is treated, the better the result. If you think you have this condition, call your doctor right away.
CAUSES
Drug withdrawal can be caused by medication, alcohol, or illegal drugs. Some products that can cause withdrawal include:
- Heroin
- Methadone
- amphetamines
- Dope
- Cocaine
- Alcohol
- opiates
- Benzodiazepines
- barbiturates
RISK FACTORS
These factors increase the chance of developing this condition. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following risk factors:
- Sudden cessation of drug or alcohol use
- Substance abuse
- Physical dependence on drugs or alcohol
SYMPTOMS
Withdrawal symptoms are different depending on the drug used. Symptoms may include:
- Marijuana: loss of appetite, chills, weight loss, trouble sleeping, sleeping too much, irritability, feeling restless or nervous
- Alcohol: tremors, hallucinations, seizures, confusion, anxiety, sweating, nausea
- Barbiturates: weakness, tremors, hallucinations, lack of appetite, seizures
- Opioids: abdominal pain or cramps, muscle aches, panic, tremors, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, fever, chills, irritability, goosebumps, runny nose, drug cravings, inability to sleep, yawning
- Benzodiazepines: abdominal pain or cramps, fast heartbeat, vomiting, tremors, seizures, anxiety
- Cocaine: anxiety, tiredness, depression
- Amphetamines: depression, irritability, sleeping too much, muscle aches, abdominal pain
DIAGNOSIS
The doctor will ask about your symptoms. He will take a medical history and perform a physical exam. You will be asked what drugs she used, how often, how much, and for how long. You may also have blood and urine tests.
TREATMENT
Talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
detoxification
This is the first step in treating substance abuse. You will be closely monitored for signs of withdrawal. You may also be given medication to reduce drug cravings. These medications will also help relieve symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms can be severe. Treatment is specific to symptoms and drugs used.
Rehabilitation
You may have to enroll in a rehab program. This treatment uses behavioral therapy to keep you from using drugs again. Behavioral therapy may include the following treatments:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy teaches you how to recognize and avoid situations that may lead to drug use.
- Family therapy helps you and your family examine the characteristics of drug use. Strategies to prevent future abuse are suggested.
- Motivational Therapy uses positive reinforcement to prevent drug use.
Residential Treatment (Therapeutic Communities)
Sometimes residential treatment is needed. The typical stay varies between 6 and 12 months. These institutions will help you learn to lead a life without drugs.
Support Groups
Support Groups offer ongoing support to lead a life without drugs or alcohol. Some support groups are Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous, and Alcoholics Anonymous.
PREVENTION
To help reduce your chances of developing drug withdrawal, take the following steps:
- Attend regular support group meetings.
- Avoid being with people who have drugs and in situations where drugs are available.
- Tell all health professionals who treat you about your history of drug use.
Video Credit: American Addiction Centers