DEFINITION
Peritonsillar Abscess is a bacterial infection. It develops in the back of the throat, below or above the tonsils. The infection causes a pocket of pus to form. The tonsil area becomes painful. You may also have a fever, swallowing difficulties, jaw spasms, and halitosis. This type of abscess often happens on one side of the throat or the other. This condition is more common in older adults. It can also occur in children.
CAUSES
The abscess is caused by bacteria. In general, it is a complication derived from another disease, such as:
- Strep throat
- Pharyngitis (swelling and inflammation in the back of the throat)
- Tonsillitis
- Mononucleosis
- Other diseases caused by bacteria
RISK FACTORS
These factors increase the chance of developing peritonsillar abscess:
- Age: between 20 and 40 years old
- Gender: male
- Recent infection of the teeth or throat
- Periodontal disease
- Smoking
Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors.
SYMPTOMS
If you have any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to a peritonsillar abscess. These could be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you suffer from:
- Swollen tonsils (often occurs on one side of the throat)
- Fever
- Drool
- Bad breath
- Spasms in the jaw muscle
- Discomfort in the uvula and soft palate (tissue in the upper part of the mouth)
- Difficulty to swallow
DIAGNOSIS
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. In addition, they will perform a physical exam. Tests may include:
- Needle biopsy: a needle is used to remove a sample of tissue
- Ultrasound: uses sound waves to take pictures of the inside of the neck
- CT scan: a type of x-ray that uses a computer to take pictures of the structures inside the neck
- MRI: a test that uses magnetic waves to take pictures of the structures inside the neck
TREATMENT
Talk to your doctor about the best plan for you. Options include the following:
Supportive Care
To recover, rest and drink plenty of fluids.
Medicines
The doctor might prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. Antibiotics can be given as a pill or intravenously (a needle inserted into the arm). Pain relievers may also be recommended.
Aspiration
The doctor may puncture the abscess. Fluid will be drawn. A sample will be sent to the lab for testing. This procedure can be done in the doctor's office.
Incision And Draiage Procedure
Your doctor may recommend an incision and drainage procedure. While you are sedated, the doctor will make a small cut in the abscess. The fluid will drain.
Tonsillectomy
Your doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy. This involves removing the affected tonsil.
PREVENTION
To help reduce your chances of getting a peritonsillar abscess, take these steps:
- If you have an infection, see your doctor. This is especially important if you have severe or chronic throat infections.
- If you smoke, stop it.