What Is The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
The Flu, or Influenza, is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Influenza comes on suddenly, lasts for 7 to 10 days, and usually goes away. Most people recover completely. However, for the elderly, toddlers, and people with weakened immunity, flu can trigger a more severe condition and even lead to death from complications. Other types of flu are swine flu (HIN1), bird flu (H5N1, H7N9), and others.
Each year there are 10% to 15% of flu cases, affecting 250,000 – 500,000 people. A new strain of influenza A/H1N1 caused an outbreak in June 2009. Most people catch it in the fall and winter.
How Common Is The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
The flu is very common and can affect patients of all ages. Influenza can be controlled by reducing your risk factors. Please discuss this with your doctor for more info.
Adults usually get influenza 2-3 times per year while children can reach 6-7 times per year. Some people who are at higher risk for colds:
- Children under 5 years old, and especially those under 2 years old
- Adults over 65 years old
- Residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities
- Pregnant women
- People with weak immune systems
- People who have chronic diseases such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, and diabetes
- Very obese people, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or more
What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
Flu symptoms come on suddenly. Signs and symptoms usually start 24 to 48 hours after exposure to the flu virus. The worst symptoms and fever usually last for 3 to 5 days. Signs and symptoms include high fever (up to 40°C), chills, muscle pain, feeling very weak or tired, headache, eye pain, coughing, sneezing, sore throat, runny nose, and stomach pain (especially in children). compared to adults). Coughing and feeling very weak and tired can last up to 6 weeks.
There may be some signs and symptoms not listed above. If you have further questions regarding the symptoms of a cold, please consult your doctor.
When Should I See A Doctor?
Most people who get the flu can self-medicate at home and usually don't need to see a doctor.
If you show flu-like symptoms and are at risk of complications, go to the doctor immediately. Taking antiviral drugs in the first 48 hours after the appearance of the main symptoms can reduce the length of time you have the disease and help prevent more serious problems.
What Causes The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
The flu is caused by a virus classified as type A, B or C. Type A is the most common type of influenza.
People get the virus that causes colds by breathing in air that has been contaminated with the virus from another infected person (for example, through coughing or sneezing), or from touching something that an infected person has touched.
The flu can spread through contact with an infected animal or if you eat the animal's flesh.
What Increases My Risk For The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
There are several risk factors for the flu, for example:
- Age: Seasonal flu tends to affect toddlers and the elderly
- Living conditions: People who live in shared facilities with multiple residents, such as nursing homes or army dormitories, are more likely to catch colds
- Weak immune system: Cancer treatment, anti-rejection drugs, corticosteroids, and HIV/AIDS can weaken your immune system. This can make it easier for you to catch colds and can also increase your risk of developing complications
- Chronic illness: Chronic conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease, can increase your risk of developing complications from influenza
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women are more likely to develop complications of influenza, especially in the second and third trimesters
- Obesity: People with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or more have an increased risk of complications from the flu.
What Are My Treatment Options For The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor.
The best treatment is rest. The flu cannot be cured with antibiotics, but other medications can control the symptoms, and other medications (antivirals) can shorten its duration. To relieve discomfort, non-aspirin medications, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, cough syrup, and dengostan can be used. Do not give aspirin to children younger than 16 years as this will greatly increase the risk of developing Reye's Syndrome.
A warm bath or heating pad can help relieve muscle pain. Vaporizers can help thin secretions, and gargling with warm salt water or mouthwash can relieve a sore throat. Drinking plenty of water is most important.
What Are The Usual Tests For The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
Your doctor will make a diagnosis based on your symptoms. Doctors can also perform tests to confirm the diagnosis. The test can involve a sample of fluid from your nose or use a blood sample. The doctor may also order an x-ray to check for pneumonia (complications).
What Are Some Lifestyle Changes Or Home Remedies That Can Be Done To Treat The Flu (Cold, Influenza)?
Here are lifestyle and home remedies that can help you deal with the flu:
- Increase fluids in the body: drink 2 liters of water every day to replace lost body fluids and take vitamin supplements for endurance
- Adequate rest: healthy adults need between 7-8 hours of sleep a day to give their muscles and mind time to rest
- Take painkillers: Consult your doctor or pharmacist for painkillers, both prescription/nonprescription. These medications can reduce the pain associated with colds
If you have any questions, consult a doctor for the best solution for your problem.